Which skin condition is characterized by excessive dryness and scaling?

Xerosis is specifically characterized by excessive dryness and scaling of the skin. It occurs when the skin fails to retain moisture properly, leading to a rough and flaky appearance. This condition is often exacerbated by environmental factors such as low humidity, hot showers, and the use of harsh soaps. The skin’s barrier function is compromised, resulting in loss of hydration and increased vulnerability to irritants and allergens.

In the context of skin conditions, dermatitis refers to inflammation of the skin, often resulting in redness, itching, and irritation, but it does not specifically denote excessive dryness and scaling. Acne involves clogged pores and the presence of pimples or lesions, and psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that leads to thick, scaly patches due to rapid skin cell turnover, which is distinct from the simple dryness described in xerosis. Therefore, xerosis is the condition that best fits the description of excessive dryness and scaling.