What is the term for the congenital skin disease characterized by dry and itchy skin?

The term for the congenital skin disease characterized by dry and itchy skin is eczema. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common condition that often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It manifests as red, inflamed patches of skin that are often itchy and can become dry and cracked. The underlying causes of eczema are believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, leading to a compromised skin barrier function and an overactive immune response.

In contrast, dermatitis is a broader category that encompasses various forms of skin inflammation, not all of which are congenital or specifically associated with dry and itchy skin. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that leads to the rapid growth of skin cells, resulting in thick, silvery scales and red patches, rather than primarily dry and itchy skin. Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face, characterized by redness and visible blood vessels, but it is not linked to dry skin in the same manner as eczema.